Biodiversity and sustainability in Cilento: The link between resilient agriculture and the local economy

The Cilento Biodistrict combines agricultural sustainability and biodiversity conservation. Despite its reputation for organic agriculture, climate change necessitates an in-depth analysis of local dynamics, with a focus on the socio-economic implications for the community. This analysis integrates various studies on the role of biodistricts in addressing environmental challenges and their impact on the well-being of local populations. The study examines biodistricts as models of sustainable development, exploring the relationship between climate change, biodiversity, and socio-economic well-being. It focuses on how organic agriculture practices can mitigate the effects of climate change, protect natural resources, and generate economic benefits by strengthening the socio-economic resilience of vulnerable areas. The findings show that biodistricts, such as Cilento, mitigate the effects of climate change through sustainable agricultural practices. The reduction of pesticides and chemical fertilizers, along with the enhancement of local resources, has improved soil quality and preserved biodiversity ([ Fig. 1 ]). However, climate change has also had significant socio-economic impacts, affecting agricultural production and increasing the vulnerability of rural populations. Fig. 1 Biological districts in Italy by 2023 The results indicate that biodistricts can play a crucial role in adapting to climate change by enhancing both ecological and economic resilience in these areas. It is vital to adopt supportive policies that facilitate the transition to sustainable agricultural practices and provide socio-economic support to local communities. An integrated approach that links agriculture, biodiversity, and adaptation policies is essential for the long-term sustainability of vulnerable territories. Publication History Article published online: 05 March 2026 © 2026. Thieme. All rights reserved. Georg Thieme Verlag KG Oswald-Hesse-Straße 50, 70469 Stuttgart, Germany