Modulation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm architecture using natural carotenoids: An innovative approach to enhance antibiotic efficacy

Antibiotic resistance is one of the most serious global health threats. Among the priority pathogens, Pseudomonas aeruginosa stands out due to its multidrug resistance and ability to form protective biofilms, severely limiting the efficacy of conventional treatments [ 1 ]. This study investigates the potential of carotenoid-rich natural products to modulate the biofilm architecture of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 WT, with the goal of enhancing antibiotic penetration and efficacy. Based on their content, carotenoid fraction extracts of Solanum lycopersicum L., Ipomoea batatas L., and Cucurbita moschata Duchesne, were tested at various concentrations. Their effects on biofilm formation and virulence factors were assessed using scanning electron microscopy, digital microscopy, motility assays, and quantification of pyocyanin production, alongside chemical profiling by HPTLC and GCMS. Preliminary results highlight promising anti-biofilm activity from several extracts, supporting a potential use of these natural compounds as adjuvants to antibiotic therapy. Publication History Article published online: 05 March 2026 © 2026. Thieme. All rights reserved. Georg Thieme Verlag KG Oswald-Hesse-Straße 50, 70469 Stuttgart, Germany