A multiplatform approach to diterpenoid profiling in greek Sideritis species

Diterpenoids are particularly widespread across Sideritis species and are structurally classified into various subtypes [ 1 ]. Despite the prevalence [ 1 ] [ 2 ], the full extent of diterpenoid chemical diversity within the genus remains underexplored mainly due to structural complexity. In this study, we present a comprehensive strategy that integrates analytical techniques (LC-MS/MS, GC-MS, and NMR spectroscopy) with computational workflows, including molecular networking and mass defect filtering, to systematically investigate the diterpenoid content of six dichloromethane extracts from Greek Sideritis taxa. This combined approach enabled efficient mapping of phytochemical profiles, with a particular emphasis on ent -kaurane-type diterpenoids. Siderol, a well-known ent -kaurane diterpenoid, was consistently detected across all samples, reinforcing the role as a characteristic marker in Greek Sideritis taxa. Comparative profiling revealed similar diterpenoid composition among S. euboea , S. scardica , S. raeseri subsp. attica , and S. raeseri subsp. raeseri , while S. clandestina subsp. clandestina and S. sipylea displayed more distinct chemical profile. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study employing a combination of GC-MS, LC-MS, and NMR to profile diterpenoids across Sideritis taxa, underlining the value of integrative methodologies in the discovery and classification of bioactive natural products. Publication History Article published online: 05 March 2026 © 2026. Thieme. All rights reserved. Georg Thieme Verlag KG Oswald-Hesse-Straße 50, 70469 Stuttgart, Germany