Cell Cycle Inhibition and Apoptosis Induction by Calcarea carbonica 6C in SW982 and SKOV-3 Cell Lines

An in vitro study was meticulously designed to explore the effects of Calcarea carbonica 6C (CC 6C) on various cell lines, specifically focusing on SW982 and SKOV-3. SW982, a synovial sarcoma cell line, and SKOV-3, an ovarian carcinoma cell line, were chosen due to their relevance in cancer research. Different concentrations of the CC 6C drug (1:25 µL, 1:50 µL, 1:100 µL, 1:200 µL, and 1:400 µL in 500 µL of DMEM) were serially diluted and incubated for 24 hours to evaluate their cytotoxic effects. Following the incubation period, cell viability was assessed using the MTT assay, which measures cellular metabolic activity as an indicator of cell viability, proliferation, and cytotoxicity. The results indicated a dose-dependent decrease in cell viability for both cell lines. Specifically, the IC50 values were determined to be 0.02 µL/mL for SW982 and 13.74 µL/mL for SKOV-3. Morphological changes post-treatment were documented using phase contrast microscopy, revealing significant alterations in cell structure. Apoptosis induction by CC 6C was confirmed through various methods, including fluorescent staining to visualize apoptotic cells, Caspase-3 and -7 ELISA to measure caspase activity, and Annexin V-FITC flow cytometry to detect apoptotic cells. Further analysis demonstrated that serially diluted CC 6C exhibited a consistent pattern of cell cycle inhibition, as evidenced by FACS analysis. This suggests that CC 6C impacts the cell cycle regulation in these cancer cell lines. Additionally, the anti-metastatic potential of CC 6C was confirmed through cell migration and aggregation assays, highlighting its ability to inhibit cancer cell spread.