Morphometric Analysis of the Endoscopic Transorbital Approach: A Cadaveric Study in A Latin American Population

Introduction: The endoscopic transorbital approach (ETOA) was developed as a minimally invasive (MIS) alternative to traditional transcranial or trans-nasal approaches. This has allowed for less brain retraction and adequate working angles to the middle fossa. To date, we have no studies in Latin America, and more specifically, no morphometric analysis of the Colombian population. This study will allow for a better understanding of the dimensions of work in our population compared to other international literature. Methods: A descriptive observational study was conducted on adult cadaveric over 18 years of age. These specimens underwent forensic necropsy at the National Institute of Forensic Medicine – Bogotá Office. Thirty-one heads were analyzed, with 62 measurements performed using ETOA. Measurements included orbital width, height, depth, bone wall thickness, and distances to the superior orbital fissure, foramen rotundum, foramen ovale, and trigeminal ganglion. Horizontal and vertical working angles were evaluated according to three surgical window categories (1: 12x12). Statistical analyses included paired Student’s t test and Kruskal-Wallis test (p0.05). Bone thickness displayed greater variability. Distances to neurovascular landmarks and working angles are summarized in Table 1 . Conclusion: Anatomical bilateral symmetry was observed in orbital dimensions, distances to critical structures, and working angles. Variability in bone thickness emphasizes the need for individualized surgical planning to minimize risks. Additionally, small surgical windows (