Challenges and proposals to advance toward regulations that promote sustainable management of Sphagnum magellanicum moss in Chilean Patagonia

Peatlands provide essential ecosystem services, including the provision of Sphagnum moss, commonly known as pompon moss, which is marketed for horticulture and floristry. In Chile, this renewable natural resource has faced intense extractive pressure due to high commercial interest and weak legal regulations. In 2020, Supreme Decree No. 25 of the Ministry of Agriculture came into force, establishing measures to protect this plant by introducing changes to the productive dynamics involved in its harvesting. This study aims to describe the results and perceptions regarding implementing this regulation, focusing on the significant challenges faced by the local harvesting communities of the Los Lagos Region. Quantitative data from the Agricultural and Livestock Service (SAG) and qualitative insights from focus groups with local harvesters were analyzed. Findings indicate that while the decree has led to increased certification and submission of harvest plans, challenges remain in training, compliance, and practical implementation. Harvesters highlighted the need for more practical and accessible training, better enforcement, and greater involvement of landowners. These insights are crucial for formulating public policies that balance economic interests with environmental sustainability and local community needs. The study shows the importance of incorporating local knowledge and perspectives in regulatory frameworks to ensure the sustainable management of natural resources.