Large Language Model-Driven Full Lifecycle Architectural Design: A BIM-Based Workflow and Prototype for Apartment Buildings

The emergence of large language models (LLMs) has introduced innovative workflows in the architecture, engineering, and construction (AEC) industry. While building information modeling (BIM) has been widely adopted, the integration of LLMs with BIM remains in its infancy and has not yet been actively involved in the full lifecycle of architectural project design. Moreover, BIM’s inherent complexity and the expertise required for its effective usage pose significant barriers for designers, particularly in resource-constrained regions with limited training and financial capacity. While prior studies have explored applications of natural language processing (NLP) in certain design procedures, these efforts remain fragmented, addressing only isolated aspects of the whole architectural workflow. To bridge this gap, this study proposes a comprehensive methodology that integrates LLMs and BIM technologies to create a full lifecycle architectural design framework. The goal of this study is to demonstrate the potential of LLMs to simplify BIM tools and optimize end-to-end design workflows.