Evaluation of Drone-Induced Balance Loss of Roofers on Sloped Surfaces

Roofers face high risks of injuries and fatalities while working on inclined surfaces with awkward postures. The presence of drones may exacerbate these risks by distracting workers and impairing their postural stability. This study evaluated the effects of drone distraction on roofers’ postural stability. Twenty-two participants simulated shingle installation on a wooden roof platform with three roof pitches (0, 3/12, 6/12) and four drone conditions (no drone and drones at 16, 48, and 82 ft). Using a virtual reality (VR) headset, participants experienced a virtual roof site while kneeling on a force plate. Center of pressure (COP) trajectories were recorded and processed into a stability indicator of sway area for statistical analysis. Results showed that closer drone proximity significantly increased distraction, compromising stability. These findings emphasize the need to address drone-induced safety challenges in roofing environments to protect roofers’ safety.