Generative Design for Masonry Structures through Real-Time Interactive VR Simulation

Professionals in architecture/planning, engineering, and construction have adopted computing technologies, widely using computer-aided design (CAD) and analyses to improve accuracy, efficiency, and reliability in their design, engineering, and construction projects. CAD allows architects and engineers to create geometries and forms with freedom, but it leads to a false intuition that under-appreciates the physical laws in the virtual world without gravity and lateral loads. Engineers then employ mathematical theories tempered with empirical evidence and using engineering judgement to deal with uncertainties. The conventional approach becomes inefficient to examine all design solutions generated through parametric modeling. We developed a plug-in to connect Grasshopper, a parametric modeling tool in Rhino 3D, with Unity to simulate the performance of unbonded masonry structures created through generative design under gravity and lateral loads in real time. We examined the structural integrity and stability of an arch and a complex wall on the developed platform, which allows the designer to interact with the structure in the virtual environment, with the design parameters automatically updated in Rhino 3D. The real-time interactive simulation opens new venues for accurate, efficient, and reliable design and construction.