Longitudinal Analysis of IEQ Variability in Office and Home Workspaces: Insights for the Future of Hybrid Work

As hybrid work gains traction, understanding exposure to varying indoor environmental quality (IEQ) attributes becomes increasingly important for promoting health, productivity, and equity in workplace models. This longitudinal study investigated key IEQ attributes—temperature, relative humidity (RH), carbon dioxide (CO₂), particulate matter (PM₂.₅), total volatile organic compounds (TVOC), and ambient noise—across 12 participants’ home and office workspaces. Data were collected over 4 months through continuous monitoring and ecological momentary assessments (EMAs). Results revealed significant differences in IEQ variability between the two workspace types. Office workspaces generally maintained more stable conditions due to advanced climate control systems, while home workspaces exhibited greater fluctuations likely influenced by weather, building design, and occupant behaviors. Notably, TVOC and PM₂.₅ levels occasionally exceeded recommended thresholds in some home workspaces, underscoring potential health risks. These findings highlight the need for adaptive strategies, such as improved ventilation, air purification, and occupant education, to enhance IEQ in hybrid workspaces.