Comparative Analysis for Robot-Assisted Construction Processes: Task Definition and Model Development

As the potential for robots in design and construction continues to grow, transitioning from traditional, process-based construction planning to robot-assisted construction necessitates a more precise definition of construction tasks. This paper examines existing process models for mobile robotic platforms equipped with robotic arms, focusing on identifying shared elements and key operational characteristics. The research emphasizes the development of process models and the identification of key requirements to facilitate analysis and standardization efforts. Initial process models were formulated based on commercially available construction robots, incorporating inputs, processes, and outputs from the literature and site visits to clarify both robotic construction processes and operator tasks. The analysis highlights generalized processes for key tasks such as mobilization, task implementation, and demobilization, as well as the ability of robots to use digital information for task execution. Results show that shared workflow elements, such as navigation and calibration, can serve as a foundation for standardization, while task-specific differences highlight the need for adaptability in robotic operations. The proposed model serves as a tool for swiftly assessing the specific requirements of new robot operations and construction planning, distinguishing platform vs. manipulator functions, understanding operator needs, and considering levels of autonomy while also providing an effective evaluation for future robot applications. Moreover, the paper explores methods for analyzing core tasks, shared attributes between operators and relevant personnel (e.g., crafts workers), and common information needs. Finally, strategies for validating and comparing these process models are proposed to ensure their accuracy and to deepen understanding of requirements and attributes through industry examples.