GIS Interoperability Framework for Risk Management in Tunneling Projects

This paper presents a novel solution to the persistent challenge of integrating geotechnical data with web-based Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to advance tunneling digitalization. Despite GIS revolutionizing cross-domain workflows, its fusion with geotechnical processes remains underdeveloped. The paper proposes a methodology that combines geotechnical visualization, 3D ground modeling, and automated data processing to optimize tunnel design and risk assessment. Our framework integrates Building Information Modeling (BIM) principles with GIS capabilities within a unified platform, enabling real-time coordination of geotechnical analyses, alignment specifications, utility networks, and as-built documentation. This approach produces a federated model that enhances collaborative decision-making while ensuring archival compliance. Case studies from actual tunneling projects reveal efficiency gains in design iteration, risk mitigation, and regulatory compliance. By bridging gaps between geotechnical analytics and spatial data infrastructure, this work provides a scalable solution for managing risk related to complex underground construction.