Scientific Anatomy of the Impact of Canal Istanbul on the Marmara Sea

Canal Istanbul, a highly debated megaproject, is presented as a solution to alleviate traffic congestion, enhance urban development, and improve economic activity in Istanbul, Turkey. However, this study critically examines the environmental consequences of the project, focusing particularly on its irreversible effects on the city's ecosystem and water resources. The research evaluates key aspects, including the pollution load from Istanbul's treated wastewater discharged into the Marmara Sea, the destruction of vital water sources, Sazlıdere and Terkos Dams, and the significant risks of salinization caused by the Canal’s construction. Moreover, the dredging operations and the disposal of excavation soil are scrutinized, highlighting the potential destruction of marine ecosystems and contamination of water bodies. The projected population explosion and its implications for water scarcity, waste generation, and urban infrastructure further exacerbate the long-term sustainability challenges for Istanbul. The findings indicate that the Canal Istanbul project may pose notable environmental challenges, potentially affecting the city’s ecosystem and long-term ecological balance. These results highlight the importance of a thorough reassessment of the project's environmental implications to help safeguard the city’s natural resources and water security.