Eco-Friendly synthesis of silver nanoparticles via Morus Nigra extract in ethanol: A sustainable nanomaterial approach

In this study, a green synthesis method for silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) was developed using Morus nigra (black mulberry) extract in 96% ethanol as a reducing agent and stabilizer. Different extract volumes were evaluated to determine the optimal synthesis conditions. The formation of AgNPs was confirmed by UV-Vis spectroscopy, with characteristic absorption peaks around 420 nm. When using a volume of 3.0 mL, a well-defined peak with greater stability over time was observed, indicating efficient synthesis and a more uniform size distribution. FTIR analysis revealed the presence of phenolic functional groups and anthocyanins in the extract, confirming their role as reducing and stabilizing agents on the surface of the AgNPs. Complementarily, Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) analysis showed that the nanoparticles obtained with 3.0 mL had a lower average hydrodynamic size and a narrower distribution. In antimicrobial assays, the nanoparticles showed the largest inhibition zones against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli.