Micro-strip patch antenna design and optimization using sea lion algorithm in medical sensing and communication applications

This paper presents the design of a Microstrip Patch Antenna (MPA) intended for use with Ultra-Wideband (UWB), utilizing the Sea Lion Optimization Algorithm (SLOA). Because MPAs are inexpensive, portable, and easy to install, they are made to work in multifaceted and multi-band applications. The MPA is designed with a switched side surface framework to lower the cross-polarized radiation. Here, using a liquid crystal polymeric substratum lowers the cost of the substance, and the appropriate shape variables enhance antenna efficiency. Root mean square error, mean absolute error, and correlation values are used to assess SLOA models like decision trees, linear regression, random forests, gradient boosted trees, and support vector machines. The compact size of the SLOA-designed antenna enhances antenna performance. However, different tools, including the MATLAB tool (2025a), CST, and HFSS simulation, are utilized for parameter optimization and performance analysis. Then the high-frequency framework simulator carries out the simulation process. The antenna’s 5.2 GHz operating bandwidth and −20 dB return loss cater to the ultra-wideband (3.2–5.2 GHz). In comparison to the previous approaches, the simulation results show a high impedance speed, directivity, radiation pattern, and gain across the whole frequency range. Finally, the suggested architecture might be a better choice for the MPA design in the system of communication, covering UWB applications, Wi-Fi, WiMAX, Bluetooth processes, and remote medical care.