Multi-timescale rolling optimization for micro-energy systems incorporating carbon trading and multi-type demand response

Under the background of the new energy security strategy, promoting the transformation of micro-energy systems (MES) toward low-carbon (LC) economic operation has become a crucial development direction in the energy field. Existing research has achieved certain progress in the economic optimization and LC development of MES separately. However, methods for the co-optimization of economy and LC performance still exhibit deficiencies, struggling to meet the compound requirements for LC economic operation of the system. To address this, this paper proposes a multi-timescale rolling optimization strategy that integrates multi-type demand response (DR) and an incentive-penalty stepped carbon trading mechanism (IP-SCTM). First, a source-load bilateral coordination approach is adopted. On the source side, an IP-SCTM is introduced, which employs a bidirectional stepped pricing scheme to provide two-way incentives for reducing total carbon emission (CE). On the load side, accounting for the varying response characteristics of demand-side resources across different timescales, a comprehensive multi-type DR model encompassing price-based and incentive-based DR is constructed to reduce the system's comprehensive energy consumption cost, synergistically achieving dual optimization of total CE and operational costs. Second, at the system operation level, a multi-timescale rolling optimization model is established. During the intra-day scheduling phase, a rolling horizon strategy is utilized to optimize unit output variations, comprehensively enhancing the operational economy and LC performance of the MES. Finally, the case study analysis verifies the effectiveness of the proposed method in achieving LC economic operation for the MES.