Quantifying the mass ejection from twice-shocked mixed-phase Sn surfaces

This study addresses the scarcity of quantitative data on the second-shock ejecta from mixed-phase Sn surfaces, refining an experimental approach for enhanced diagnosis. While Richtmyer–Meshkov instability mechanisms for the first-shock ejecta are well-studied, quantitative gaps hinder the second-shock research. Using a two-shockwave tool, experiments achieved two shockwave loadings on polished Sn samples. Multiple diagnostic techniques provided quantitative data on loading states and surface ejection dynamics, improving understanding of the twice-shocked process. Two pressure combinations examined the second-shock mass ejection in different Sn melting states. Systematic analysis of density data from various probes enhanced credibility, and velocity/density histories determined the second-shock parameters via probe failure times. The results demonstrate that the first-shock pressure significantly affects mass ejection during secondary loading.