Assessing the impact of load conditions on emissions, performance, and vibration in diesel engines with dual-fuel hydrogen and Mahua oil biodiesel

The specific goal of current research is to generate affordable, environmentally friendly fuels to meet the world’s energy demands. The aim of this study is to investigate the impact of using biodiesel derived from Mahua oil (BMO) and hydrogen gas (H2) on the vibration, performance, and emissions of a single-cylinder four-stroke diesel engine. The investigation will be conducted under low, middle, and high-load conditions. The load conditions vary from low (3%), intermediate (60%), to medium-high (between high and medium-high). Mahua oil biodiesel is available in two blends: BMO 25, which contains 25% biodiesel (BD) and 75% diesel, and BMO 35, which contains 35% biodiesel and 65% diesel. The addition of gaseous fuel (H2) to 25% of diesel and biodiesel to 5% to 35% of diesel resulted in a significant gain of 86.06% in brake thermal efficiency (BTE) compared to using only parent diesel fuel. In terms of emissions, when comparing low-load and high-load circumstances, a range of 5% to 45% biodiesel resulted in a decrease in oxides of nitrogen (NOx). But at high (60%) load circumstances, BMO 45 with 25% hydrogen fuel replacement reduces the generation of monoxide (CO), unburned hydrocarbon (HC), and carbon dioxide.