Development of biomimetic calcium carbonate scaffolds using sea shell matrices

A new biomimetic method for creating sea shells scaffolds made of calcium carbonate (CaCO3). This method involves precipitating calcium carbonate from its components, carbon and oxygen, onto sea shells in an environment representing fluid pH and human body temperature (pH =7.4 and 37°C). Electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and elemental analysis are some of the methods that have verified the structure and composition of materials. Calcium carbonate s-hydroxyapatite (CC-Hap) is arranged over a matrix of seashells, according to FTIR measurements. To hold the calcium carbonate crystals together, the polymer is essentially playing the role of glue. By increasing the amount of sea shells in composites, they were able to interact with human albumin and enhance fluid retention, as revealed by an analysis of scaffold’s interaction with aqueous mediums in biologically simulated fluids (albumin in carbonate buffer solution (CBS and CBS-albumin)). The chelation between -NH+3 and Ca2+ played a significant role in this interaction. Lysozyme partially degrades the composites, allowing for In vivo degrading control of bone alternatives. The elasticity modulus is highly influenced by the ratio of sea shells to calcium carbonate, which suggests that the biomimetic composites that are produced could be useful in designing artificial bones.