Design of an ultrashort GW-level X-band microwave sequence generator compatible with slow-rising-edge driving sources

This study demonstrates a microwave generator based on the Cherenkov superradiance mechanism, achieving a peak output power of 4.78 GW with a ∼60% conversion coefficient under optimized beam parameters of 610 kV voltage and 14 kA peak beam current. A compatible design for a slow-rising-edge minimizes the requirements for a pulsed power driver. Spectral peaks are inconsistent with theoretical dispersion predictions, validating device design accuracy. The energy exchange dynamics between the electron beam and electromagnetic field involve bidirectional propagation and reflection, where reflection at two ends of the cavity is critical for the energy accumulation process. A dual-cavity reflector enhances the sequence output stability by recycling reflected energy as a seed signal for subsequent cycles, establishing a framework for possible high-power microwave applications.