A generalized model for the convection velocity associated with turbulent boundary layer wall pressure fluctuations in both air and water

The convection velocity associated with turbulent boundary layer wall pressure fluctuations (TBL-WPFs) denotes the downstream migration speed of vortices of varying scales within the turbulent boundary layer (TBL). All wavenumber–frequency spectral models of TBL-WPFs necessitate the input of a convection velocity model, making the derivation of an accurate expression for convection velocity crucial for the development of W–F spectrum predictive models. In this study, a dimensional analysis of the convection velocity was conducted based on the Π theorem. Experimental measurements were carried out in both wind and water tunnels, employing the linear surface array technology to obtain the wavenumber–frequency spectrum of TBL-WPFs and subsequently determine the convection velocity in air and water. Utilizing the experimental data and the results of the dimensional analysis, the least squares method was applied to derive the mathematical expression of the model. A comparison of convection velocity models with experimental data from the wind and water tunnels indicates that the model developed in this study surpasses the other previously existing models in terms of accuracy and reliability. Furthermore, this study employed the Chase I wavenumber–frequency spectral model as a case study to demonstrate the improvements made to the existing TBL-WPFs W–F spectral model. The enhancement in predictive capability was confirmed, which holds significant implications for various engineering disciplines in aerodynamic and hydrodynamic applications, thereby underscoring the importance of the present convection velocity model.