The conversion of medical wastages in to useful material products: A review

The management of healthcare or medical wastes are crucial for safeguarding human health and preventing environmental contamination. While incineration is a recognized treatment method, it poses public health concerns due to pollutant exposure. Modern incinerators with air pollution control units offer a solution, yet accessibility remains limited for many developing countries. Autoclaving and microwaves emerge as alternative methods, albeit inadequate for specific waste types. Consequently, effective healthcare waste management remains a critical challenge, given its potential risks. Further research and investment are essential to develop comprehensive strategies prioritizing efficacy and environmental protection. This review examines the transformation of medical waste into valuable materials, emphasizing the need for innovative approaches in waste management practices. The conversion of medical waste into useful products spans various applications, with the following approximate distribution percentages such as Packaging Materials: 4.76%, Sterilized Medical Textiles: 9.52%, Metals and Alloys: 14.29%, Organic Materials: 19.05%, Medications: 23.81%, 3D Printing Filaments: 28.57%.