Equations of state method for contact angle interpretation

Particular attention has been paid to the process of determining the tensions of solid surfaces based on the static contact angles that are already in existence. Assuming that the surface tension of a solid surface remains constant, contact angle patterns obtained from experiments are used to determine the surface tension between the solid and vapor phases. This is done using Antonow’s equation of state [1] and Berhtloet’s equation of state, employing three distinct methods. The first method involves the application of the combining rule [2], the second method involves a modified combining rule [3], and the third method involves the use of a different modifying factor [4] and the equation of state proposed by Neumann et al. [5].