A comprehensive survey and analysis of multi-factor-authentication techniques

Multifactor authentication is a powerful tool that provides high security and privacy to computer systems, cloud infrastructures, resources, and data. Authentication and access control are primary concerns in this domain. Traditionally, single-factor authentication relied on usernames and passwords. However, as computing power has increased and methods have evolved from brute force attacks to sophisticated cryptographic algorithms, these systems have faced growing threats and vulnerabilities, diminishing their effectiveness. Multifactor authentication (MFA) has emerged as a more robust solution by incorporating multiple layers of authentication checks. This paper extensively reviews multifactor authentication potential sources with main advantages and disadvantages and the recent MFA systems in many areas to provide security for data and resources. This paper reviews the potential of Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA) techniques to address growing cybersecurity threats like low security, performance, and privacy. The study aims to identify an authentication factor that does not require additional specialized hardware or software, leveraging unique biometric characteristics of the user to enhance security and protect against impersonation attacks.