The history and prospects of the development of grape and wine science in Russia

The question of the origin, evolution and further cultivation of grapes and its development is currently the subject of acute scientific discussions. One of them is the nature of the plant's origin – monocentric or polycentric. In Russia, grape cultivation is actively moving to the northern territories and Siberia (Moscow, Samara, Novosibirsk). Directly for this and other zones, the question of whether the grapes developed on a local basis or whether they were imported in a cultivated form is important. Most researchers claim that grapes develop in such territories on the basis of a wild forest species. With the transition to a productive economy, viticulture has been noted as an agricultural occupation for almost all subsequent historical eras. The consistent and stable development of the industry continued in the Middle Ages, despite all the negative obstacles associated with the resettlement of peoples, and further the Turkish yoke and the Tatar invasion. The existence of viticulture among the Crimean population has been proven by written and archaeological sources. The tools and techniques of work for all times are similar in many ways and practically did not change until the beginning of the last century. The article reflects the results of scientific research by a group of authors of the Belgorod State Agrarian University named after V.Ya. Gorin.