Comparative analysis of greenhouse facility data: Pre- and post-correction evaluation

Digital twins have become an opportunity for the agro-industrial complex in general and the development of greenhouse farming in particular, reproducing digitally in real time the functionality of objects and plants. A virtual replica of the crop, incorporating key aspects of agronomic development such as irrigation, optimal fertilization strategies and pest management, can support decision-making and incremental changes in farm management, increasing overall sustainability and direct savings in water, fertilizers and pesticides. This article critically examines digital twin technology and places it in the context of recent advances in precision agriculture and Agriculture 4.0. The review is organized for each stage of the agricultural life cycle, edaphic, photorheological, post-harvest and agricultural infrastructure, with supporting case studies demonstrating direct benefits to agricultural production and supply chains, taking into account both the advantages and limitations of this approach. The challenges and limitations associated with the complexity of managing such a volume of data and the multitude of (often) simultaneous operations and support are revealed.