Student perspective-oriented comparison between online, hybrid, and face-to-face course delivery methods

The Covid-19 pandemic fundamentally reshaped course delivery methods, leading to a widespread shift towards online learning. This shift has since become integral to educational systems, reflecting a broader adaptation and acceptance of virtual learning environments. This study examines student perceptions of online, hybrid, and face-to-face course delivery methods, focusing on preferences, challenges, and benefits of each format. Through a mixed-methods approach, findings show a strong student preference for face-to-face instruction, associated with better understanding and academic performance, despite issues like fixed schedules and higher costs. Hybrid learning is also favored for its flexibility and resource accessibility, while online learning is valued for adaptability but limited by risks of isolation and technical challenges. Qualitative insights highlight traditional classroom settings as fostering social interaction, teamwork, and a supportive environment, elements often lacking in online formats. Hybrid methods seek to combine the strengths of both approaches but require careful workload management.