Costus Igneus loaded self emulsifying drug delivery system: Formulation development and characterization

The "Insulin Plant" Costus igneus, gained a lot of interest due to its excellent antidiabetic properties. The active phytoconstituents of Costus igneus, such as flavonoids and terpenoids, are highly effective in reducing blood glucose levels but face limitations due to their poor water solubility and limited bioavailability. To enhance the therapeutic efficacy of Costus igneus, a Self-Emulsifying Drug Delivery System (SMEDDS) was established. SMEDDS is a novel lipid-based formulation intended to enhance the absorption of drugs that are barely soluble via the formation of fine oil-in-water emulsions when they come into contact with gastrointestinal fluids. The present study aimed to formulate and characterize a Costus igneus-loaded SMEDDS to improve the bioavailability of its bioactive components. Various oils, surfactants, and co-surfactants were screened to optimize the formulation, followed by characterization based on requirements include the droplet size, zeta potential, and in vitro drug release profile. The optimized SMEDDS exhibited a significant reduction in droplet size, ensuring a larger surface area for drug absorption. Enhanced drug release rates were observed, with improved bioavailability compared to conventional oral formulations. This study highlights the potential of SMEDDS in improving the delivery of plant-based therapeutic agents like Costus igneus, making it a promising strategy for enhancing the effectiveness of natural remedies in managing chronic conditions like diabetes.