Effect of high temperature during "heading-maturity" phase on the yield trait of bread wheat

This article investigates the impact of soil tillage and sowing techniques on yield and resource use in light gray soils of the Kashkadarya region, Uzbekistan, focusing on winter wheat varieties: Gozgon, Bunyodkor, and Yaksart. Field germination rates vary between 70-85%, with the Fankhauser-2115 seeder showing a 3-8% advantage over the SZU-3.6 seeder. Delayed sowing extends the emergence period due to lower temperatures, affecting winter hardiness and overall crop development. Winter hardiness ranges from 78-86% with early sowing and drops by about 4% with later sowing. A 2-3% increase in plant loss is also noted with lower temperatures. The growing season spans 234-237 days with early sowing, 214-216 days with medium sowing, and 196-198 days with late sowing. Early sowing results in longer growth phases, while late sowing shortens these. Yield results show that early sowing with the Fankhauser-2115 seeder after grain crops produces 55.3-59.0 centners per hectare, while the SZU-3.6 yields 59.5-63.3 centners per hectare. In cotton inter-rows, yields increase to 63.3-67.0 and 58.9-62.4 centners per hectare, respectively. Late sowing leads to reduced yields across methods. Profitability is highest with early sowing, ranging from 42.7-70.8%. The Fankhauser-2115 seeder shows better economic efficiency in cotton inter-rows, achieving 67-70% profitability with early sowing and 45-50% with medium sowing, outperforming the SZU-3.6 seeder.