Fertility of irrigated meadow soils and their wheat yield

The article examines the changes in granulometric composition, morphological characteristics, and agrochemical parameters of irrigated meadow-takyr and meadow saz soils under the influence of irrigated agriculture. It was found that the humus content in the arable horizons of old irrigated meadow saz and meadow-takyr soils ranges from 1.140% to 1.405%, while in the arable horizons of newly irrigated soils, it is lower, ranging from 0.820% to 0.960%. This indicates that older irrigated soils have higher levels of humus and are classified as moderately rich in terms of organic matter, compared to the newly irrigated soils. The content of total phosphorus in the soil sections varies between 0.210% and 0.345%, while total potassium ranges from 1.61% to 1.94%. These soils are categorized as low-income soils in terms of mobile nutrients, meaning they have a limited supply of readily available nutrients for plant growth. The article emphasizes the importance of developing guidelines for applying mineral and organic fertilizers to agricultural crops. This practice aims to increase the levels of humus, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and other essential nutrients in the soil. By enhancing soil fertility and improving the ecological condition of the soil, the article highlights the importance of rational soil use and the introduction of innovative environmental measures for soil protection in agriculture. These systematic efforts are essential for promoting sustainable agricultural practices and improving overall soil health. As a result, it served to increase, maintain productivity and assess the agro-ecological state of irrigated meadow saz, meadow-takyr soils. When bird droppings were applied as fertilizer to Andijan-1 wheat varieties on irrigated meadow-takyr soils, an increase in productivity was observed compared to the control (background) conditions. However, despite the higher productivity, the yield index decreased.