Advances in the synthesis and bioactivity of fused N & O-heterocycles: Microwave-assisted multicomponent reactions

Fused heterocycles containing nitrogen and oxygen atoms represent a significant class of organic compounds with widespread applications, particularly in medicinal chemistry and material science. This review highlights recent advancements in the synthesis of these complex molecular architectures utilizing the synergistic power of microwave-assisted multicomponent reactions (MCRs). The application of MCRs, known for their atom economy, efficiency, and simplicity, coupled with microwave heating, which often leads to shorter reaction times and improved yields, has provided rapid and sustainable routes to diverse libraries of fused N- and O-heterocycles. This paper summarizes key findings from several recent studies, showcasing the synthesis of various coumarin-fused N-heterocycles, pyrimidine-fused quinolines, spirooxindoles, benzothiazole-fused imidazoles, and functionalized pyrans. Furthermore, it touches upon the bioactivity and potential applications of these synthesized compounds, emphasizing the significance of these methodologies in the development of novel therapeutic agents and functional materials.