Assessment of summer apple cultivars bred by VNIISPK for yield, biochemical and technological indicators of fruit quality

Apple is the most common fruit crop. Apple fruits contain useful, nutritious and biologically active substances for humans. The scientifically substantiated norm of annual fruit consumption is considered to be 75-80 kg per capita, of which apples should occupy 60-70 kg. To provide the population with fresh apples and processed products, it is important to select adapted, early-ripening, high-yielding, marketable apple cultivars. The study of summer-ripening cultivars s for economic indicators is a topical issue. In this regard, the technological assessment of fruit and berry cultivars with high suitability for the production of fruit sugar products that meet domestic and international standards is an urgent area of research. The research results showed that the summer triploid cultivars bred by VNIISPK belong to the group of cultivars that regularly bear fruits (with the index J = 0-0.40): ‘Spasskoe’ - 0.28, ‘Avgusta’ - 0.30, ‘Yablochny Spas’ and ‘Darena’ - 0.31. Over the years of study, the highest yield was shown by ‘Maslovskoe’ and ‘Spasskoe’ from 12.9 t / ha to 16.6 t / ha, respectively. The studied summer apple cultivars have a rich chemical composition of fruits. According to the harmonious taste (4.4 points and more) and sugar-acid index (15-25 c.u.), the following cultivars were distinguished: ‘Avgusta’, ‘Darena’, ‘Zhilinskoe’, ‘Osipovskoye’ and ‘Spasskoe’. The highest content of ascorbic acid (more than 10.0 mg/100 g) was found in ‘Darena’, ‘Maslovskoe’, ‘Osipovskoe’ and ‘Spasskoe’. Technological assessment of apple cultivars has shown that Osipovskoe and Yablochny Spas are the best cultivars for producing juice, jam and preserves.