Comparative study between two classification system of the root canal configurations for human first premolars using CBCT in baghdad population

Dental anatomy is defined as the study of the morphology, growth, identity, and function of each tooth in the human dentition, as well as the texture, color, and function of the teeth in the opposing and same dental arches. Learning dental anatomy, physiology, and occlusion is therefore one of the fundamental abilities needed to practice dentistry in all of its form. Several techniques, including in vivo and in vitro techniques, have been used to study the anatomy of root and root canal morphology. In vivo methods include clinical evaluation during root canal therapy, retrospective review of patient records, evaluation by radiologists using techniques like (CBCT). Together with age, gender, and research design, ethnic variances can also have an impact on variations in the internal complexity of the root canal morphology. We collect 155 CBCT study for different dental issues. Their ages were ranging from 20-40 years old from Baghdad population to evaluate the root canal morphometric study. All these teeth were undergoing several morphometric measures such root length, number of roots and canal configurations by Vertucci and Ahmed et al. classification systems. There was significant association between root number and the arch of the tooth and the double root is more common in maxillary arch. There was significant association between root length and arch of the tooth with p value 0.014. Regarding the gender and age group there was significant association with the root length as maximum root length was found in male gender more than 30 years old. Root canal configuration type I was most common in mandibular FP while type IV was most common in maxillary arch according to Vertucci classification, while in Ahmed et al. classification the commonest codes were 2FPB1P1 and 1FP1 in maxillary and mandibular respectively. Finally, the agreement of Ahmed et al. classification was 100% in comparison with Vertucci classification system with p value below 0.05. Teeth with a single root can be accurately classified using the Vertucci and Ahmed et al. classification with simple canal configurations. Regarding more than one root premolar teeth, the Ahmed et al. classification gives greater accuracy and demonstration in practice than the Vertucci classification provided the information regarding the number and location of roots, and we recommend the upcoming studies to use large sample size and wide age range of age groups.