Genotyping and serological evaluation of Dickkopf-related protein 3 in chronic renal patients

A disorder illness that deteriorates over time, chronic kidney disease is typified by a gradual reduction in kidney function. Secreted within the renal tubular membrane in response to stress, Dickkopf-3 (DKK-3) participates in cell signaling pathways, inflammation, and tissue remodeling. The study aimed to evaluate the Dickkopf-3 protein’s gene expression and level in serum of Chronic Renal Patients in Mosul, Iraq. Methods: The study included 150 people, 75 patients and 75 healthy people, of both sexes, aged between 30 and 70 years. Tests were performed to assess kidney function levels, DKK-3 in serum, and real time pcr for the DKK-3 gene. Results indicated chronic kidney patients demonstrated a significant increase in Age, blood pressure (BP), and BMI, in addition to renal function: GFR,creatinine, urea, Cystatin-C, uric acid, Albumin, and total protein compared to a control group. An inverse relationship exists between BMI and age with DKK–3 serum and an increase in DKK–3 in smokers in control and patient groups. There was a significant increase in levels of DKK-3 in patients’ group serum compared to the control group at (p≤0.001) depending on BMI, age, sex, and smoking. The study’s results also showed an increase in the level of gene expression for the DKK-3 gene in patients, which is considered one of the main reasons for the development of the pathological condition. Conclusion: The study suggests that DKK-3 correlates with decreased kidney function and clinical symptoms. The high expression of DKK-3 gene in the serum of patients may indicate the onset and progression of kidney disease. As a result, DKK-3 may be a potential target for treatment.