Indigenous innovation way of turning waste from coal and cow dung to manufacture bricks for sustainable use for bioresource

Due to population increase, climate change, poverty, unemployment, load shedding, and other factors that affect society and economy, Renewable Energy Sources, used to produce energy from natural processes, are nowadays used to meet the ever-increasing energy requirements worldwide, replacing conventional energy sources. A significant portion of the energy market is devoted to renewable sources because of the threat posed by climate change, which is brought on by emissions from fossil fuels. Cow dung and coal waste are being undermined and regarded as waste in other parts of the world. Traditional energy sources are finite and under depletion. On the contrary, renewable energy sources are constantly appearing in the natural environment. Load shedding has affected the urban and rural communities of South Africa. High electricity tariffs have affected low-income earners and left them with no choice but to use electricity illegally which causes risk to human beings. The primary objective of this research was to evaluate the feasibility of using coal waste and cow dung as alternative raw materials in brick production, assess their impact on the quality and sustainability of the bricks, and identify the benefits and challenges associated with this innovative approach. The study demonstrated that coal waste and cow dung could manufacture sustainable bricks. The bricks produced met the required construction standards and offered improved thermal insulation. The environmental benefits, including reduced waste and lower emissions, along with cost savings, highlight the potential of this innovative approach. Community acceptance and positive feedback further support the feasibility of adopting this method on a larger scale. Future research should focus on long-term durability testing and exploring the scalability of this process for widespread implementation.