Soft giant magnetoimpedance electronics enable contact-free human–machine interactions

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Authors: Yizhang Wu, Sicheng Xing, Dingyi Yang, Yihan Liu, Chi Ding, Zifeng Li, Qizhang Jiao, Anran Zhang, Ziheng Guo, Siyuan Liu, Wei Luo, Gongkai Yuan
+4 more Meixiang Wang, Y. Wang, Michael D. Dickey, Wubin Bai
Cited by: 4
References: 35

Abstract

Magnetic sensing enables contact-free, three-dimensional human-machine interactions (HMI) with high selectivity and resilience to environmental noise. However, conventional magnetic films, mostly obtained via vacuum deposition, remain constrained by rigidity, instantaneous response, and single-mode. Here, we report a giant magnetoimpedance ionogel (GelGMI) in which electrostatically self-assembled ferromagnetic (FM) domains are uniformly dispersed in a soft ionogel matrix. Under a magnetic field, domain moments realign to reconfigure ionic pathways, yielding pronounced magnetoimpedance while maintaining performance at >1,000% strain and across orientations. The hysteretic relaxation of domain magnetization imparts retrospective neuron-like temporal summation, realizing sequence- and context-aware interaction. In addition, the self-healable matrix supports a complementary tactile mode whose impedance contrasts with contact-free magnetic proximity, enabling expandable and bimodal recognition. GelGMI delivers a record-high sensitivity while unifying stretchable, neuromorphic, and healable capabilities for contact-free HMI systems.

Fields of Study & Subjects

Advanced Sensor and Energy Harvesting Materials Advanced Materials and Mechanics Micro and Nano Robotics

Publication details

Journal / source
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Publisher
National Academy of Sciences
Volume
123
Issue
4
Pages
e2526097123–e2526097123
Publication date
20 January 2026
Language
EN