Artificial Intelligence: An Introduction to Technical Advancements and Current Biological Applications in Plants

Artificial intelligence (AI) is rapidly transforming the landscape of plant sciences by offering innovative tools and techniques that enhance our understanding of complex biological systems. This chapter presents a comprehensive introduction to the role of AI in plant research, covering its integration with plant-omics technologies and its diverse applications in genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, phenomics, and imaging. It explores the use of machine learning and deep learning models for trait analysis, disease prediction, and gene function annotation. Furthermore, the chapter delves into the transformative role of AI in crop improvement, precision breeding, and sustainable agriculture. By automating phenotyping, optimizing resource use, and facilitating smart pest management, AI is paving the way for climate-resilient and high-yield agricultural practices. Despite its immense potential, the deployment of AI in plant sciences faces challenges such as data quality, model interpretability, and ethical concerns. This chapter concludes by reflecting on current limitations and highlighting future directions for AI-driven innovations that promise to revolutionize plant biology and agriculture.