Strigolactone-mediated Signaling and Regulation of Viral and Bacterial Diseases

Strigolactones (SLs), categorized as plant hormones and derived from carotenoids, perform a variety of physiological functions in plant development. These molecules were initially detected as strong seed germination enhancers of the host-dependent weed Striga lutea in root exudates, and are produced primarily in the root tissue of a diverse range of monocot and dicot flora, indicating their significance in nature. At least 20 SLs have been identified in plants, and are classified into two types based on their chemical structure: canonical and non-canonical. carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase 7 (CCD7), CCD8, and DWARF27 (D27) are among the enzymes that mediate the production of carlactone, the common precursor for all SLs. Synthetic SLs have been produced, such as GR24, with a role in both internal and external plant processes. In the rhizosphere, they function as signaling molecules controlling a variety of developmental processes and environmental reactions. They control the symbiotic and parasitic association with roots of the host plant and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, and regulate the formation of adventitious roots, reproduction, and secondary growth. New functions are constantly being discovered. There have been several advances in our knowledge of SL synthesis, hormone activity, and signaling molecules. However, there has been less discovered regarding the molecular pathways engaged in bacterial and viral diseases. The role of SLs could be revealed via modern imaging methods.