Valorisation of corn stover: A literature review of agro-industrial applications and extraction

Abstract Corn ranks as the fourth most widely cultivated crop globally, and it has a high consumption rate of more than 50 g/person/day. Its agricultural by-product, corn stover, is generated in substantial quantities, estimated at approximately 1661.25 million tons annually. Despite the implementation of various management strategies, a significant portion of this biomass remains underutilised. This review explores the valorisation potential of corn stover, detailing the potential extraction of value-added components. Additionally, it examines recent advancements in its biorefinery-based applications, including the production of biofuels, bio-composite films, chemicals, and other sustainable materials. The review underscores the role of corn stover as a promising feedstock in promoting circular bioeconomy and reducing the environmental burden associated with agricultural waste.