Application of advanced fault-tolerant control techniques in the design of modern electric vehicles for increased reliability: a review

Considering the increasing demand for environmentally friendly and economically viable transportation options, this in-depth analysis of fault-tolerant control (FTC) in the context of electric vehicles (EVs) covers all the latest developments and applications in the field. Maintaining vehicle stability and handling component failures with minimal or acceptable loss of performance are the primary goals of FTC systems in EVs. Thus, the FTC's crucial role in improving EV dependability is examined in this study. An explanation of the control strategies employed in EVs is followed by a description of the several types of FTC, including active, passive, and hybrid systems. The study aims to objectively evaluate advancements in tracking accuracy and robust performance by thoroughly reviewing FTC systems for modern EVs. This discusses various strategies as well as the challenges of integrating them into EV subsystems. Real-time deployment, validation against coupled failures, and the incorporation of learning-based FTC into safety-critical EV systems are some suggestions for future research. This study will help identify research gaps and topics that require additional investigation in order to advance the discipline.