A tunable graphene-VO 2 metasurface for multiband absorption-reflection switching in 6 G communication

A tunable angle- and polarisation-insensitive multifunctional metasurface for 6 G wireless communication is proposed, addressing signal interference issues in multi-cell networks by enabling dynamic switching between multi-band absorbers and reflectors. The structure integrates a graphene resonant layer, a vanadium dioxide (VO2) dielectric layer, and a metal substrate: when VO2 is in the insulating state, the device acts as a four-band perfect absorber in the terahertz range with absorption peaks tunable from 90% to near 100% by adjusting graphene’s Fermi energy level, while switching VO2 to the metallic state realises rapid transition to a reflector, meeting diverse operational demands. This switchable multifunctional metasurface features dual functionality, robust polarisation and angle insensitivity, and compatibility with integrated fabrication, offering an innovative solution for electromagnetic interference suppression and signal regulation in 6 G communication systems.