Electromagnetic band gap metamaterials printed hybrid reconfigurable patch antenna for 5 G and beyond applications

This article presents the electromagnetic band gap metamaterials incorporated hybrid reconfigurable patch antenna. Here, the frequency and pattern reconfigurable (hybrid reconfigurable) behaviour of antenna are studied by integrating two opposite faced rectangular C-shaped transmission lines on either sides of main transmission line along with five switching diodes using four switching states. In the analysis, it is found that the proposed antenna at switching state-1 is resonated at 5.36 GHz with gain of 3.24dBi. Later, the change of switching states of the antenna to state-2, state-3 and state-4 are given the resonated frequency reconfigured to 7.65 GHz, 7.65 GHz and 8.42 GHz with significant gains of 4.27 dBi, 4.76 dBi and 5.74 dBi, respectively. For state-1, the bi-directional beam in the pattern is focusing to 0° at 5.36 GHz, for state-2 the tri-directional beam is arrived and tilted +30° at 7.65 GHz, the same tri-directional beam is arrived for state-3 with beam tilt of −30° and for state-3 tetra-directional beam focused in the direction of angles ±30° & ±150° arrived at 8.42 GHz. The prototype was developed and demonstrated the particulars of measured outcomes and simulated outcomes, which seeming reveal the radiating device is good one to function in 5 G and beyond wireless communication systems.