A patent review on traumatic brain injuries (2020–2025)

INTRODUCTION: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) remains a leading cause of disability and death worldwide, with no FDA-approved therapies capable of halting or reversing secondary injury cascades. AREAS COVERED: Recent years (2020-2025) have witnessed a surge in patent activity targeting diagnostic innovations, biomarker integration, and therapeutic strategies in TBI. Diagnostic advances include multimodal platforms that combine blood-based biomarkers, imaging modalities, and physiological monitoring to enhance early detection and stratification. Biomarker-driven patents, particularly those centered on glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase L1 (UCH-L1), neurofilament light chain (NfL), and p-tau, have demonstrated translational value by enabling point-of-care testing and guiding therapeutic decisions. Therapeutic patents encompass a wide range of innovations, including anti-inflammatory and antioxidant agents, metabolic and vascular stabilizers, regenerative approaches, and advanced drug delivery systems designed to bypass the blood-brain barrier. Importantly, multimodal therapeutic strategies that integrate neuroprotection, neuro-restoration, and functional recovery are gaining momentum. EXPERT OPINION: Innovations in patents, such as breath-based sensors, eye-tracking systems, and non-invasive technologies, are expanding the possibilities for rapid, point-of-care testing. On the therapeutic side, patents focusing on monoclonal antibodies, neuroactive steroids, neuroprotective peptides, and site-specific delivery systems show promise; however, most candidates are still in preclinical or early clinical stages.