A model for assessing maturity of hydrogen supply chain resilience: a complexity-inspired approach

This study presents a maturity model (MM) for supply chain resilience management (SCRM) in the hydrogen sector, aimed at identifying resilience gaps and guiding improvements. The model is developed using an iterative approach combining literature review, expert interviews, and case studies. Grounded in design science research and complex adaptive systems (CAS) theory, the MM supports building adaptable, scalable supply chains that can manage regulatory shifts and industry transitions. Case study findings reveal that the development of SCRM maturity in the upstream hydrogen sector is constrained by downstream uncertainties and fragmented market mechanisms. Vertical integration across the supply chain significantly enhances hydrogen supply chain resilience. The MM offers a structured approach for hydrogen companies to improve response capabilities and apply scalable, strategy-aligned resilience measures. Theoretically, it advances understanding of CAS dynamics in SCRM. Practically, it provides managers with actionable guidance for implementing resilience strategies across the industry.