Phylogenetic analysis reveals novel barcode records and regional diversity gaps of tribe Deudorigini (Lycaenidae: Theclinae) from Northwest India

The study analyses the phylogenetic relationships within the butterfly tribe Deudorigini (Lycaenidae: Theclinae) from northwestern India using mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene sequences. A total of seven species were identified, and species-level confirmation was supported by both molecular data and morphological traits. The study reports the first COI barcode record for Deudorix epijarbas in India and global firsts for Rapala nissa, R. manea, R. iarbus, R. selira, Sinthusa chandrana, and Deudorix isocrates. The phylogenetic analysis revealed distinct genetic groupings and a reduction in species richness compared to historical records, underscoring the impact of habitat change and the need for continued monitoring. Notably, Sinthusa chandrana chandrana is legally protected under Schedule II of the India Wildlife Protection Act, 1972. These findings highlight the effectiveness of DNA barcoding, combined with morphological diagnostics, in clarifying species boundaries, addressing regional data gaps, and informing conservation strategies.