Mapping Pedagogical Models in Physical Education: A Rapid Review for an Evidence-Informed Taxonomy

This rapid review provides an evidence-informed mapping and classification of pedagogical models in Physical Education. Following PRISMA-informed procedures, searches were conducted in Web of Science between 2013 and 2025, identifying 6,144 records, of which 730 met the eligibility criteria. Three operational indicators were used to classify each model: Dissemination and Transfer, Scientific Evidence, and International Consolidation. The results show that Sport Education, Cooperative Learning, and Teaching Games for Understanding are the most established models, supported by extensive empirical evidence across multiple educational levels and countries. Teaching Personal and Social Responsibility, Outdoor Adventure Education, and Service-Learning also show substantial development, although with more uneven international expansion. Health-Based Physical Education shows a developing profile, whereas Self-Made Materials, Attitudinal Style, and the Ludotechnical Model remain locally developed with limited evidence. The proposed taxonomy provides a descriptive framework to inform research and practice in models-based practice.