Body mass index and early-onset colorectal cancer risk: a systematic review and cohort-based meta-analysis
Abstract
Background The incidence of early-onset colorectal cancer (EOCRC; ≤50 years) has been increasing globally. High BMI is a recognized predisposing factor for colorectal cancer, but its contribution to EOCRC is not yet fully understood. We conducted an updated systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies to clarify the association between BMI and EOCRC risk. Methods: Following PRISMA guidelines, PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, Science Direct, and Web of Science were searched through August 2025. Eligible studies reported BMI measured prior to diagnosis and EOCRC outcomes. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using random-effects models. Subgroup analyses by sex, region, and age cut-offs were performed.Results Eleven cohort studies were included. In the primary analysis (EOCRC defined as
Fields of Study & Subjects
Colorectal Cancer Screening and Detection
Cancer Risks and Factors
Metabolism
Diabetes
and Cancer
Publication details
- Journal / source
- Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Volume
- 61
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 383–396
- Publication date
- 28 January 2026
- Language
- EN