Integration of Islamic ethics in modern education curriculum: challenges and opportunities-a systematic literature review

This systematic literature review, conducted following PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines, examines the challenges and opportunities associated with integrating Islamic ethics into modern education curricula. Islamic ethics, understood as the comprehensive moral framework derived from the akhlaq tradition – encompassing philosophical (falsafa), theological (kalam), and spiritual (tasawwuf) dimensions – guides individual conduct and social relationships based on Qur’anic principles and Prophetic traditions. Through analysis of 20 peer-reviewed studies published between 2018 and 2024, selected from 847 initial records, this research identifies six major themes affecting integration efforts. The study reveals significant challenges including conceptual tensions between traditional Islamic pedagogical approaches and contemporary methodologies, definitional ambiguity, and resource constraints. However, substantial opportunities emerge through holistic character development, enhanced cultural identity formation, innovative pedagogical approaches, and strengthened community engagement. Key barriers include institutional resistance, inadequate teacher preparation, and assessment difficulties. Successful integration requires comprehensive systemic transformation, specialised professional development, and strong community partnerships. Student outcomes show enhanced moral reasoning, improved academic engagement, and strengthened cultural identity when properly implemented. This study examines integration within Islamic educational institutions while considering applications in secular contexts. This research contributes a comprehensive framework for practitioners, administrators, and policymakers seeking to balance religious authenticity with contemporary educational demands.