Moral leadership development in Indonesian Islamic boarding schools: a comparative study of two pesantren

This study examines the development of moral leadership capabilities in Indonesian Islamic boarding schools (pesantren), exploring how these traditional educational institutions integrate Islamic values with contemporary leadership approaches. Using a qualitative comparative case study of two prominent pesantrens in Madura Island, data collected through observations, interviews, and document analysis reveal six primary leadership capabilities cultivated: self-reliance, resilience, discipline, communication, decision-making, and time management. The findings indicate that pesantren employ three main pedagogical approaches – experience-based learning, mentoring, and direct training – while emphasising moral dimensions of leadership rooted in Islamic principles. Despite facing challenges including resource limitations and balancing traditional values with contemporary needs, these institutions effectively develop value-based leadership.