Neither from within nor from without: how states securitize diasporas

Diasporas and their transnational ties to homelands and other networks often generate heightened suspicion in countries of residence. They are perceived as non-state actors forming non-transparent connections, fostering long-distance nationalism and potential dual loyalties. Diasporas are also viewed as possible sources of tension, as homeland conflicts may be transported across borders, producing public unrest and security concerns. Countries of origin frequently share these anxieties. While harnessing diaspora potential has become a global trend, home states may still regard diasporas as conflict perpetuators, regime destabilizers or dissidents requiring control. Whether embraced or securitized, diaspora members are defined through presumed geographic, racial, cultural, ethnic and religious origins, reinforcing the cultural and political unity of the nation-state. This article examines how diasporas, particularly from conflict regions, are constructed as security threats despite narratives celebrating them as agents of peace, arguing that diaspora securitization works as a way to reaffirm national unity and safety.